A qualitative exploration of the motivations and implications of chest binding practices for transmasculine Australians
In: International journal of transgender health: IJTH, S. 1-14
ISSN: 2689-5269
3 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: International journal of transgender health: IJTH, S. 1-14
ISSN: 2689-5269
In: Small group research: an international journal of theory, investigation, and application, Band 46, Heft 5, S. 489-535
ISSN: 1552-8278
Much of our knowledge of team information processing has been influenced by the hidden-profile paradigm. In this review, we employ the input–mediator–outcome (IMO) team effectiveness framework to organize a systematic and comprehensive review of the knowledge accumulated in this area during the last three decades. The use of the IMO framework highlights important aspects of team dynamics that have received limited attention in past studies. Building on our analysis of the literature, we discuss significant theoretical questions that remain to be answered and propose methodological changes that would broaden and enhance our current understanding of team information processing. We suggest that the hidden-profile paradigm has reached maturity in terms of the permutations of Stasser and Titus's original conceptualization and conclude by proposing that future research should move toward exploring novel settings that move closer toward embracing the dynamic and complex nature of team information processing.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine hospital services globally. This study estimated the total number of adult elective operations that would be cancelled worldwide during the 12 weeks of peak disruption due to COVID-19. Methods: A global expert response study was conducted to elicit projections for the proportion of elective surgery that would be cancelled or postponed during the 12 weeks of peak disruption. A Bayesian β-regression model was used to estimate 12-week cancellation rates for 190 countries. Elective surgical case-mix data, stratified by specialty and indication (surgery for cancer versus benign disease), were determined. This case mix was applied to country-level surgical volumes. The 12-week cancellation rates were then applied to these figures to calculate the total number of cancelled operations. Results: The best estimate was that 28 404 603 operations would be cancelled or postponed during the peak 12 weeks of disruption due to COVID-19 (2 367 050 operations per week). Most would be operations for benign disease (90·2 per cent, 25 638 922 of 28 404 603). The overall 12-week cancellation rate would be 72·3 per cent. Globally, 81·7 per cent of operations for benign conditions (25 638 922 of 31 378 062), 37·7 per cent of cancer operations (2 324 070 of 6 162 311) and 25·4 per cent of elective caesarean sections (441 611 of 1 735 483) would be cancelled or postponed. If countries increased their normal surgical volume by 20 per cent after the pandemic, it would take a median of 45 weeks to clear the backlog of operations resulting from COVID-19 disruption. Conclusion: A very large number of operations will be cancelled or postponed owing to disruption caused by COVID-19. Governments should mitigate against this major burden on patients by developing recovery plans and implementing strategies to restore surgical activity safely.
BASE